Key result
Positive pressure breathing increases G-endurance and tolerance despite links to arm pain and respiratory issues.
Why the study?
Positive pressure breathing for G protection is a central anti-G measure with evolving technology and operational challenges, requiring updated review of its physiological effects and side effects.
Does positive pressure breathing for G protection (PPG) provide effective G protection and what are its side effects compared to anti-G-straining maneuvers?
Does positive pressure breathing for G protection (PPG) provide effective G protection and what are its side effects compared to anti-G-straining maneuvers?
This review highlights the ongoing need to refine positive pressure breathing and anti-G suit technologies to protect pilots in high-performance aircraft while minimizing adverse health effects.
Further anti-G refinements may be needed for pilot safety in modern fighters; leaves open optimal strategies minimizing side effects.
In preparation for a study, a MedLine search was conducted to review the status quo of positive pressure breathing for G protection (PPG).Aside from protective clothing, positive pressure breathing is one of the central building blocks of today's anti-G measures.PPG has been covered by quite a few reviews.Since a defi nite review by Fong and Fan in 1997, a number of articles have been published.The topics covered refl ect the eff ects of the new capabilities of 4th and higher generation fi ghter aircraft, such as the high onset-rates and the high sustained Gz-loads, and the need for further anti-G protection concepts.Furthermore, an old anti-G suit concept has been revived and emerged in recent publications.Positive pressure breathing for Gz protection is reviewed in comparison with anti-G-straining maneuvers (AGSM) with regard to pressure schedules and with respect to the composition of the inspired gas mixture.In addition, operational considerations are reviewed, covering aspects that contribute to the successful deployment of anti-G gear.Particular focus was put on the reduction of unwanted side eff ects of anti-G suits and PPG.The work available on this topic and new technology anti-G suits suggest more work to be done, in particular in the fi eld of undesirable side eff ects on the health of the pilots.positive pressure breathing for G protection, PPG, Anti-G suits, Anti-G straining maneuvers
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Glaser et al. (2017) conducted a review in G-force exposure in fighter pilots. Positive pressure breathing for G protection (PPG) vs. Anti-G-straining maneuvers (AGSM) or no PPG was evaluated. Positive pressure breathing for G-protection effectively increases G-endurance and relaxed G-level tolerance, though it is associated with adverse effects such as arm pain and potential respiratory issues.
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