Key result
~64% of sampled Nigerian children carry detectable neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus serotypes.
Why the study?
Poliovirus outbreaks persist in Nigeria despite vaccination efforts, suggesting susceptible hosts and regional variation in vaccine coverage between urban and rural communities.
Cross-Sectional (n=244)
Yes
p-value: p=0.0005
A significant proportion of children in south-western Nigeria lack neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus serotypes, highlighting gaps in immunity and susceptibility to outbreaks.
Suggests polio immunity gaps in Nigerian children; leaves open whether serosurveillance should guide eradication efforts.
BACKGROUND: Poliovirus outbreaks are still reported in Nigeria despite renewed efforts to improve vaccine coverage, thus suggesting the existence of susceptible hosts. Also, there is anecdotal evidence of variation in vaccine coverage by region and specifically between urban and rural communities. Consequently, this study assessed neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus serotypes among children in selected urban and rural communities in south western Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and forty-four {(M=119, F=125); Urban: 142 (M=63, F=79); Rural: 102 (M=56, F=46)} children of consenting parent/guardian aged one week to 15 years were enrolled for the study. About 2-3ml of blood was collected from each child by venepuncture into a labelled sterile container free of anticoagulants. Subsequently, questionnaire was administered to the parent/guardian of each child to retrieve relevant information. Recovered sera were analysed for detectable neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus serotypes by the standard method of constant virus, varying serum dilutions. RESULTS: Overall, 64.3% (n=157) of the children had detectable neutralizing antibodies to the three poliovirus serotypes. Also, 84.8% (n=207), 91.0% (n=222) and 75.0% (n=183) of the children had detectable antibodies to poliovirus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Eighty seven (35.7%) of the children had no detectable neutralizing antibody to at least one of the three poliovirus serotypes, while 9 (3.7%) children had no detectable neutralizing antibody to the three poliovirus serotypes. Geometric mean titre (GMT) of neutralizing antibodies to the three poliovirus serotypes varied significantly (p=0.0005). CONCLUSION: Disparity in immunity to poliovirus infection and existence of children with low or zero neutralizing antibody levels were confirmed.
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Adeniji et al. (2015) conducted a cross-sectional in Poliovirus immunity (n=244). Urban vs Rural residence vs. Rural residence was evaluated on Detectable neutralizing antibodies to the three poliovirus serotypes (p=0.0005). Overall, 64.3% of children in selected Nigerian communities had detectable neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus serotypes, with significant variation in geometric mean titres (P=0.0005).
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