Antihypertensive Effects of the Methanol Extract and the Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Crinum zeylanicum (Amaryllidaceae) Leaves in L-NAME-Treated Rat

Figures

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  Figure 1. Total polyphenols and flavonoids content of Crinum zeylanicum extracts and fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF) presented the highest content in polyphenols and flavonoids. N = 5 replications. Bars with different letters are significantly different at least at p < 0.05. Analysis was done with ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey posttest. LAE: leaves aqueous extract, LME: leaves methanol extract, LCF: leaves chloroform fraction, LEAF: leaves ethyl acetate fraction, and LRF: leaves residual fraction.

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  Figure 2. Crinum zeylanicum leaves extracts and fractions exhibited DPPH radical scavenging (a, b) effects and increased the in vitro nitric oxide production (c, d). Analysis was done using a nonlinear regression curve. LAE: leaves aqueous extract, LME: leaves methanol extract, LCF: leaves chloroform fraction, LRF: leaves residual fraction, and VIT C: vitamin C (reference drug).

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  Figure 3. Repeated administration of the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Crinum zeylanicum time-dependently reduced systolic blood pressure in rats treated with L-NAME; 6 ≤ n ≤ 8. Analysis was done with ANOVA two-way followed by Bonferroni posttest (panels A and C) or ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey posttest (panels B and D). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to the naive group. $$$p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to L-NAME treated group. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001: significant difference between concerned groups. Capto20: captopril, LME: leaves methanol extract, LEAF: leaves ethyl acetate fraction, SBP: systolic blood pressure, and naive: normal untreated animals.

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  Figure 4. Repeated administration of the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Crinum zeylanicum time-dependently reduced diastolic blood pressure in rats treated with L-NAME; 6 ≤ n ≤ 8. Analysis was done with ANOVA two-way followed by Bonferroni posttest (a, c) or ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey posttest (b, d). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to the naive group. $$$p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to L-NAME treated group. #p < 0.05: significant difference between concerned groups. Capto20: captopril, LME: leaves methanol extract, LEAF: leaves ethyl acetate fraction, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and naive: normal untreated animals.

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  Figure 5. Repeated administration of the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Crinum zeylanicum prevented the rise in heart rate induced by L-NAME; 6 ≤ n ≤ 8. Analysis was done with ANOVA two-way followed by Bonferroni posttest (a, c) or ANOVA one-way followed by Tukey posttest (b, d). ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to the water-treated group. $p < 0.05, $$p < 0.01, and $$$p < 0.001: significant difference as compared to L-NAME treated group. Capto20: captopril, LME: leaves methanol extract, LEAF: leaves ethyl acetate fraction, HR: heart rate. Naïve: normal untreated animals.