Dietary Copper: Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism

TISSUE CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AND PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN COMPOSITION. ...... . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ...... . . . ...... 266 Plasma and Tissue Cholesterol Concentrations 266 Plasma Lipoprotein Composition 267 CHOLESTEROL SyNTHESIS . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ..... . . . . ...... 270 Hepatic Cholesterogenesis and Lipogenesis from (4C]acetate 270 Hepatic 3-Hydroxy-3-Mel;llglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 27 1 Cholesterogenesis from [I Cjmevalonate 272 Cholesterogenesis from [3Hjwater.. . . . . .. .... . . . ..... . . . . . . .... . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 273 CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION AND DEGRADATION . . . . . .... . . . . . ...... . .. .. ... . . .. .. .. 273 Lymphatic Absorption of Cholesterol 273 Biliary Steroid Excretion 274 Oxidation, Excretion. and Tissue Distribution of [26J4Cjcholesterol . . . . ..... . . . . . ... 275 LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM . ....... . . . . ...... . . .... . . . . . ... . . . .. . ... . . . ....... . . . . ...... . . . . .. 276 High Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein and Cholesteryl Ester Catabolism......... 276 High Density Lipoprotein Binding to Liver Plasma Membranes 277 Specific Binding and Uptake of High Density Lipoprotein by Liver Cells 278 Lipoprotein and Hepatic Lipases ... . . ........ . ........ . ... 279 Plasma Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase 279 Apolipoprotein Synthesis and mRNA 279 CONCLUSIONS....... . .... . . ..... 280