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Abstract. - Bilharzia is a debiliting disease caused by parasites (Schistosoma sp.) widespread in tropical climates. Temperature is the prime factor in the present distribution of both kinds of bilharzia observed in Madagascar : intestinal bilharzia prevails in the eastern areas and the highlands ; urinary bilharzia prevails in the western parts of the island. Although the more important, this factor is not the only one : man is the other. Because of his living conditions, his close dependence upon his immediate environment, man plays a determining part in the perpetuation and the extension of the disease.
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Jeanne-Marie Amat-Roze (1978) studied this question.
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