This study is an attempt to compare the NiTi rotary and K-files hand instrumentation on root canal preparation of primary and permanent molars for their efficiency in preparation time, instrument failure and shaping the canals. About 20 primary mandibular second molar (I) and 20 permanent mandibular first molar (II) were selected. Each was further divided into 10 for K-files (a) and 10 for NiTi (b) groups, respectively. Results showed that preparation time Ib Ia and IIab
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Shashikiran et al. (2006) studied this question.