Overview on Mechanical-Chemical Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Study on Bioethanol–Based Lignocellulosics Biomass

Due to rapid growth in population and industrialization, worldwide ethanol demand is increasing continuously. The abundant sources of lignocellulosic biomass (LB) from agricultural wastes are attractive feed stocks to become a sustainable source for bioethanol production. There are many crucial engineering steps involved in the bioethanol production route especially on the pretreatment which comprises of chemical, mechanical and biological approaches. In this study we reviewed the various pretreatment involved in biofuel production. By considering the all steps required which may incur costs then influence the price of bioethanol an effective pretreatment technology is required for minimizing the cost and concurrently minimizing other problem especially environmental pollution caused by the pretreatment process. Therefore, a compact step combining all or some of the steps and with additional application of green technology with ionic liquid (IL) will be beneficial to the future direct production of liquefied biofuel with chemical-mechanical-biological based techniques starting from the pretreatment study which therefore lessen cost incurred and process time.