Role of leptin, Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in the occurrence of atherosclerosis: New insights into the mechanism of obesity-induced atherosclerosis

Background and aim: The most widespread pathological condition of peripherals and coronary artery disorders, as well as of cerebellar problems, is atherosclerosis (AS). Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder world wide and is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) are released by adipose tissue, which is a tissue that is found throughout the body and is considered an important endocrine system, these are essential for the control of immunological and energy responses. Methods:A case-control study was used in the design of the current investigation. 100 male participants, comprising 60 atherosclerosis individuals, 30 obese patients, 30 normal weight patients, and 40 healthy people, 20 of whom were obese and 20 of whom were of normal weight. Age between(40-65). This work was done between November/2022 and May/2023. Patient from the Karbala Center for Cardiac Disease and Surgery. A 3 ml sample of venous blood was obtained from patients and was healthy. In addition, some information was taken from each person(age,height,weight). Results:There has been a significant increase in concentrations of each one of the hormones (Leptin, PAI-1) in all groups when compared with non obese control. Conclusion:leptin and PAI-1 plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis in obese individuals. A person's risk of developing atherosclerosis increases with rising body mass index. It was discovered that the hormone Leptin, which regulates metabolism, is rising, which might be an indicator that the metabolic problem in obese people is becoming more common.