Cryotherapy: Review of physiological effects and clinical application

Cryotherapy, the therapeutic use of cold in the management of injuries and painful conditions, can be a valuable technique for the medical practitioner. The physiologic effects of cold are vasoconstriction, which helps to decrease swelling and inflammation; decreased tissue hypoxia; decreased pain; and decreased muscle spasm. Integrating cold in both the acute and rehabilitation stage can promote quick and effective results. Combining cold with exercise (cryokinetics) has significant clinical implications for the treatment of many musculoskeletal problems, athletic injuries, and inflammatory conditions such as tendonitis, bursitis, and arthritis. Application of ice provides a safe, convenient, and inexpensive method of treatment for the patient, especially in the home setting.