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The article describes the spectrum of motorcycling groups before focusing on the symbolism and values of modern outlaws or one percenters. Factors unique to the edgework of motorcycling are linked to the appearance and demeanor of bikers and their most extreme expression of American society's shadow side among one percenters. The persona of the largest one percent clubs are outlined using the aphorisms and symbols of the subculture. The values reflected in these symbols are linked to those of the larger society as is the evolution of the subculture. Also discussed are the nature of interclub alliances and rivalries.
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Quinn et al. (2009) studied this question.
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