Green spaces and depression: A conceptual model of self-sustaining home gardens in urban environments

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Objective This paper develops a conceptual model of “self-sustaining gardens” as a nature-based intervention for depression in high-density urban communities. To inform and ground this conceptual framework, we conducted an empirical survey to assess the correlation between nature connectedness and depression among urban residents. Study design A cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire survey, supplemented by multidisciplinary literature analysis to establish a conceptual framework. Methods We conducted an online survey and collected 1392 valid questionnaires. IBM SPSS Statistics 24 was used for the reliability test, Pearson correlation analysis, and linear regression model test. Results A significant negative correlation existed between natural connectedness and depression. Natural connectedness and depression levels were significantly negatively correlated, indicating that home gardens can be a practical and effective health resource for high-density communities. Conclusion Based on these empirical findings and a synthesis of the broader literature, we proposed a conceptual model of “self-sustaining gardens” for high-density urban environments. This model enables residents to build tangible, beneficial bonds with nature and mitigate depressive stress, thereby improving mental well-being. Such home gardens can beautify cities and stabilize urban ecosystems, instilling pride and a sense of belonging in urban environments. We discussed how home gardens can effectively connect urban dwellers with local green environments by promoting intimacy between people and nature, relieving stress, reducing depression, and providing insights into enjoying the beauty of urban green spaces. Such self-sustaining gardens have the potential to reduce green gentrification by helping vulnerable groups connect with nature.