Key result
Tobacco use affects 21% of urban Indian hypertensive patients, predominantly in smokeless forms.
Why the study?
Hypertension and tobacco addiction frequently coexist in India, but the prevalence, patterns, and socio-demographic factors of tobacco use among hypertensive patients in urban India were not well characterized.
Cross-Sectional (n=305)
No
Tobacco consumption among hypertensive patients in urban India is 21%, highlighting the need for targeted educational and policy-level interventions to address this dual burden.
May support tobacco screening in urban Indian hypertension care; leaves open longitudinal studies on cessation impact.
BACKGROUND: Hypertension and tobacco addiction are two major public health challenges in India that frequently coexist. About 30% of Indian adults have hypertension, while over one-fourth use some form of tobacco. So, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of tobacco consumption and identify associated socio-demographic factors among hypertensive patients in urban India and also further explored patient perspectives regarding tobacco use through qualitative interviews. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This mixed-method study was conducted among 305 hypertensive adults recruited from an urban tertiary hospital using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Additionally, 15 tobacco-consuming patients were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews regarding perceptions and behaviors related to tobacco. Descriptive statistics and multi-variable logistic regression models were applied for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data. RESULTS: The prevalence of ever tobacco use among hypertensive patients was 21%. Smokeless tobacco was the predominant form used. Male gender, urban locality, illiteracy, and lack of knowledge about tobacco hazards had a higher likelihood of tobacco consumption. Qualitative interviews provided complementary insights into triggers like peer influences and stress, barriers to quitting including withdrawal effects and system gaps, and participant perspectives on facilitating cessation. CONCLUSION: Tobacco consumption among hypertensives is higher than national averages. Tailored educational, motivational, and policy-level interventions addressing gaps in knowledge, risk perceptions, addiction behaviors, and cessation support systems can enable the promotion of tobacco abstinence and hypertension control in this vulnerable sub-group. The multi-method data provide actionable inputs for planning targeted control and prevention strategies addressing this dual burden.
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Patel et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=305). Tobacco consumption was evaluated on Prevalence of ever tobacco use. The prevalence of ever tobacco use among hypertensive patients in an urban Indian hospital was 21%, with smokeless tobacco being the predominant form used.
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