Key result
Combined daily alcohol and smokeless tobacco use linked to ~132% higher hypertension odds in men.
Why the study?
Only sporadic evidence was available regarding the association of multiple substance consumption with hypertension risk among adults in India, where hypertension cases are substantially rising.
Does mixed consumption of alcohol, smoking, and smokeless tobacco increase the risk of hypertension in adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=779,868)
Yes
Does mixed consumption of alcohol, smoking, and smokeless tobacco increase the risk of hypertension in adults?
Odds Ratio: 2.32 (95% CI 1.99–2.71)
Combined daily consumption of alcohol and smokeless tobacco synergistically increases the risk of hypertension, highlighting the need for integrated substance cessation programs.
Combined alcohol and smokeless tobacco use was associated with higher male hypertension odds; hypothesis-generating and should not yet change practice.
Sporadic evidence is available on the association of consuming multiple substances with the risk of hypertension among adults in India where there is a substantial rise in cases. This study assesses the mutually exclusive and mixed consumption patterns of alcohol, tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco use and their association with hypertension among the adult population in India. Nationally representative samples of men and women drawn from the National Family and Health Survey (2015-2016) were analyzed. A clinical blood pressure measurement above 140 mmHg (systolic blood pressure) and 90 mmHg (diastolic blood pressure) was considered in the study as hypertension. Association between mutually exclusive categories of alcohol, tobacco smoking and smokeless tobacco and hypertension were examined using multivariate binary logistic regression models. Daily consumption of alcohol among male smokeless tobacco users had the highest likelihood to be hypertensive (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.99-2.71) compared to the no-substance-users. Women who smoked, and those who used any smokeless tobacco with a daily intake of alcohol had 71% (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14-2.56) and 51% (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.25-1.82) higher probability of being hypertensive compared to the no-substance-users, respectively. In order to curb the burden of hypertension among the population, there is a need for an integrated and more focused intervention addressing the consumption behavior of alcohol and tobacco.
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Singh et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=779,868). Mixed consumption of alcohol, tobacco smoking, and smokeless tobacco vs. No substance use was evaluated on Hypertension (SBP > 140 mmHg or DBP > 90 mmHg) (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.99-2.71). Daily consumption of alcohol combined with smokeless tobacco use significantly increased the odds of hypertension in men (OR 2.32) compared to no substance use.
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