Carcinogenesis of synthetic organic chemicals in drinking water

Of the total contaminants in the water supply on a worldwide basis, 2221 organic chemicals have been identified, and of these, about 765 are in drinking water. Of this total group of organic chemicals, 43 are recognized or suspected carcinogens, 56 are mutagenic contaminants, and 18 are carcinogenic promoters. Cancer risk factors are estimated for five organic contaminants. Five experimental approaches are recommended to elucidate the risk of cancer from organic biorefactories.