Perceived Thermoregulation Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Symptom Burden in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicountry Questionnaire-Based Study

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Higher perceived thermoregulation dysfunction was significantly associated with a greater burden of cardiovascular symptoms and worse angina-related quality of life (ρ = -0.350, p < 0.001) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Metabolic syndrome (n=603). Intervention: Perceived thermoregulation dysfunction vs. Lower perceived thermoregulation dysfunction. Primary outcome: Cardiovascular symptom burden (Seattle Angina Questionnaire score) (ρ = -0.350, p=<0.001).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Higher perceived thermoregulation dysfunction is significantly associated with a greater burden of cardiovascular symptoms and poorer angina-related quality of life in patients with metabolic syndrome. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine the relationship between perceived thermoregulation dysfunction and cardiovascular symptom burden among patients with metabolic syndrome across multiple countries.

Yashar Mashayekhi; N. Peter; Sara Baba-Aissa; SIDRA BAIG; Hamza Basheer; NIDA NASIM; Abdullah Ilyas; ANN GRACE LAL; Muaz Shafique Ur Rehman; Fatima Asghar; SELEEN KAZZAZ; VAREEN KAZZAZ; HALEEMA MAHBOOB AHMAD

doi:10.14789/ejmj.jmj25-0050-oa

January 1, 2026Juntendō Igaku/Juntendo igakuOpen Access

Perceived Thermoregulation Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Symptom Burden in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicountry Questionnaire-Based Study

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Key result

Thermoregulation dysfunction links to worse angina-related quality of life in metabolic syndrome.

ρ = -0.350
P<0.001
n=603

Figures

Why the study?

Less is known about how thermoregulation dysfunction relates to cardiovascular symptom burden in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Key Points

To examine the relationship between perceived thermoregulation dysfunction and cardiovascular symptom burden among patients with metabolic syndrome across multiple countries.
Conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire study among 603 adult patients with metabolic syndrome residing in Pakistan (29%), the United Kingdom (22%), and the United Arab Emirates (49%).
Assessed perceived thermoregulatory dysfunction using the secretomotor subscale of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31) and cardiovascular symptoms using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ).
Analyzed associations using Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multiple linear regression.
Total SAQ scores exhibited a significant inverse correlation with COMPASS secretomotor scores (r = -0.350, p < 0.001), indicating greater thermoregulatory and autonomic dysfunction corresponds to poorer angina-related quality of life.
Multiple linear regression identified COMPASS secretomotor scores (B = -0.485, 95% CI -0.674 to -0.296, p < 0.001), older age (B = -0.932, p < 0.001), and female gender (B = -3.865, p = 0.001) as significant independent predictors of lower SAQ scores.
Female participants reported significantly higher secretomotor symptom scores (U = 39636, p = 0.005) and lower SAQ scores (U = 39052, p = 0.016) than male participants.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=603)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

P

Population

603 adult patients with metabolic syndrome from Pakistan, the UK, and the UAE were evaluated cross-sectionally to assess the association between perceived thermoregulation dysfunction and cardiovascular symptom burden.

O

Outcome

Relationship between symptoms of thermoregulation dysfunction (evaluated with COMPASS-31 secretomotor scale) and cardiovascular symptom burden (determined with Seattle Angina Questionnaire)patient reported

Main Result

Effect estimate: ρ = -0.350

p-value: p=<0.001

Limitations

Cross-sectional design limits causal inference between thermoregulation dysfunction and cardiovascular symptom burden.
Convenience sampling limits generalizability to the broader metabolic syndrome population.
Self-reported questionnaires are vulnerable to recall and response bias.
Lack of objective physiological measurements of thermoregulation or autonomic function.
Inability to rule out the influence of environmental conditions such as ambient temperature or humidity.

Implication

Perceived thermoregulation dysfunction is associated with a greater burden of cardiovascular symptoms in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a clustering of health disorders, has been linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease. Less is known about how flexible the body is in controlling its own temperature. If this system doesn't work right, it can add stress on the heart and blood vessels. Objective: To investigate the relationship between symptoms of thermoregulation dysfunction and cardiovascular symptom burden among MetS patients in various countries. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey among 603 adult MetS patients from Pakistan, the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. Perceived thermoregulation dysfunction was evaluated with the secretomotor scale of the Composite Autonomic Symptom Score (COMPASS-31), and cardiovascular symptoms were determined with the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Correlations, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple regression were used as statistical tests. Results: People with MetS who have difficulty regulating their temperature seem to carry a greater burden of cardiovascular symptoms. Management in these patients may benefit from addressing thermal and autonomic issues.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Mashayekhi et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Metabolic syndrome (n=603). Perceived thermoregulation dysfunction vs. Lower perceived thermoregulation dysfunction was evaluated on Cardiovascular symptom burden (Seattle Angina Questionnaire score) (ρ = -0.350, p=<0.001). Higher perceived thermoregulation dysfunction was significantly associated with a greater burden of cardiovascular symptoms and worse angina-related quality of life (ρ = -0.350, p < 0.001) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab35d0f274437374560e64b https://doi.org/10.14789/ejmj.jmj25-0050-oa

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Perceived Thermoregulation Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Symptom Burden in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicountry Questionnaire-Based Study

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Perceived Thermoregulation Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Symptom Burden in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Multicountry Questionnaire-Based Study

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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