Historical background and stages of the evolution of art objects in the urban environment

Motives: The integration of art is crucial for adapting the urban environment to globalization and social fragmentation. Artistic objects shape urban identity, improve quality of life, and stimulate creative industries. This study substantiates their role in promoting social interaction and creating sustainable urban ecosystems where technology and culture achieve a harmonious balance. Aim: The research aims to analyze the evolution of art objects in the urban environment, to determine their functions in the context of historical, socio-cultural and technological transformations. The tasks include systematizing the historical background and identifying the stages of evolution of art objects, assessing their impact on the formation of the identity of the urban environment, and identifying modern forms of art objects related to interactivity, digitalization, and participatory nature. Results: Four stages of the evolution of art objects are identified: Emergence – integration of art into the object-spatial environment; Formative – search for a balance between function and aesthetics; Formation – experiments of modernism and postmodernism, open form concept; Development – interactivity, digitalization, Smart City concept. It has been established that contemporary art objects are transforming from static forms into dynamic systems that activate social interaction. The study proves that art integration contributes to the formation of open cultural systems, enhancing urban competitiveness, social cohesion, and sustainability.