Salidroside Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect by Reducing Nuclear Factor κB and Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophages

Objective:Chronic inflammation is an underlying cause of wide variety of human pathologies.In the present study we evaluated the anti-inflammatory properties of salidroside, a major bioactive component of Rhodiola rosea and possible underlying mechanisms related to its anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and methods:We investigated the effect of salidroside on nuclear markers, iNOS, NFκB, IκB and pIκB.LPS induced nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse peritoneal macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells and primary mixed glial cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines measured by ELISA.In addition the action of salidroside on adjuvant induced paw edema, a mouse model of arthritis was also determined.Results:Our results showed that salidroside significantly decreased the expression of NFκB and pIκB in LPS induced peritoneal macrophages from mice.It also significantly decreased NO and iNOS production in peritoneal macrophages, RAW 264.7 and primary mixed glial cells after LPS treatment.Salidroside was found to decrease production of pro-inflammatory cytokines:TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.In vivo, salidroside significantly decreased paw-edema in a mouse model of arthritis.Conclusion:The significant decrease in LPS induced NFκB, pIκB, iNOS, NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines by salidroside indicated that salidroside exhibits activities consistent with anti-inflammatory mechanisms and may have utility as a therapeutic agent in treating or managing inflammatory diseases.