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A spatially variable retardation device, an SQWP, is designed to generate polarization vortex beams.The transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams by the SQWP is further studied, and it is found that the SQWPs can also be used to generate helical beams and measure the topological charges of helical beams.
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Xin et al. (2016) studied this question.
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