Key result
Repaired aortic coarctation is linked to ~11% higher ventricular stiffness and impaired cardiac reserve.
Why the study?
Patients with repaired coarctation of aorta have arterial stiffening, but whether they have concomitant left ventricular stiffening and the impact of combined ventricular-arterial stiffening on exercise hemodynamics are unknown.
Case-Control (n=348)
Adults with repaired coarctation of the aorta exhibit combined ventricular-arterial stiffening, which correlates with impaired cardiac reserve and an exaggerated systolic blood pressure response during exercise.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Combined stiffening was associated with impaired exercise reserve in repaired COA; hypothesis-generating for targeted therapies before practice change.
Background Patients with coarctation of aorta (COA) have arterial stiffening, and this is associated with impaired cardiac reserve and hypertensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) response during exercise. However, whether patients with COA have concomitant left ventricular (LV) stiffening and the potential impact of combined ventricular-arterial stiffening on exercise hemodynamics are unknown. Methods We studied 174 patients with repaired COA (aged 39 ± 11 years and male 103 [59%]) and 174 matched controls. Our study hypotheses are: (1) patients with COA have higher ventricular-arterial stiffness (end-systolic elastance [Ees] and arterial elastance [Ea]) as compared with controls; (2) ventricular-arterial stiffness was associated with LV stroke volume augmentation (ΔLVSV) and SBP augmentation (ΔSBP) during exercise among patients with COA. Results Despite similar systolic SBP, patients with COA had higher Ea (1.8 ± 0.4 vs 1.4 ± 0.4 mm Hg/mL, P < 0.001), higher Ees (2.41 ± 0.65 vs 2.17 ± 0.40 mm Hg/mL, P < 0.001), but similar Ea/Ees (0.87 ± 0.29 vs 0.83 ± 0.33, P = 0.2). ΔLVSV was 6.1 ± 1.4 mL/beat. Combined ventricular-arterial stiffness had a stronger correlation with ΔLVSV as compared with Ea alone ( r = −0.53 vs r = −0.41, P = 0.006) and as compared with Ees alone ( r = −0.53 vs r = −0.46, P = 0.02). ΔSBP was 48 ± 21 mm Hg. Combined ventricular-arterial stiffness had a stronger correlation with ΔSBP as compared with Ea alone ( r = 0.57 vs r = 0.43, P < 0.001) and as compared with Ees alone ( r = 0.57 vs r = −0.39, P < 0.001). Conclusion Patients with COA had combined ventricular-arterial stiffening, and this was associated with impaired cardiac reserve and hypertensive SBP response during exercise. These findings provide foundation for further studies to determine whether drugs that reduce both ventricular and arterial stiffness will improve exercise capacity and hemodynamics in this unique population.
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Egbe et al. (2021) conducted a case-control in Repaired coarctation of aorta (n=348). Repaired coarctation of aorta vs. Matched controls was evaluated on End-systolic elastance (Ees) (p=<0.001). Adults with repaired coarctation of aorta exhibited higher arterial and ventricular stiffness compared to matched controls (Ees 2.41 vs 2.17 mm Hg/mL, P<0.001), correlating with impaired cardiac reserve.
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