Key result
Cardiovascular health declined most in minority groups, led by a ~2.3-fold diabetes rise in South Asian men.
Why the study?
Ethnic-specific temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Ontario between 2001 and 2012 were not well characterized.
Cross-Sectional (n=219,276)
There are significant ethnic differences in temporal trends of cardiovascular risk factors, with South Asian males and black males and females showing the greatest declines in cardiovascular health over the study period.
Rising CV risks and diabetes in South Asian/black adults warrant monitoring; leaves open whether targeted interventions can reverse disparities.
OBJECTIVES: To determine ethnic-specific temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Ontario between 2001 and 2012. DESIGN: A population-based repeated cross-sectional study. SETTING: Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: 219,276 participants of the Canadian Community Health Survey (205,326 white, 5620 South Asian, 4368 Chinese and 3962 black) during the period 2001 to 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardised ethnic-sex-specific prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors for three time periods: 2001-2004, 2005-2008 and 2009-2012 among Canada's four major ethnic groups: white, South Asian, Chinese and black. RESULTS: During the study period, the prevalence of diabetes increased 2.3-fold (p = 0.0001) among South Asian males and 1.9-fold (p = 0.02) among black females. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) increased over time across all ethnic groups, with the largest relative increases observed among males of Chinese (2.1-fold increase, p = 0.04) and black (1.7-fold increase, p = 0.06) descent. The prevalence of hypertension increased the most among black females. Smoking prevalence decreased by more than 20% among South Asian, Chinese and white females. Overall, South Asian males and black males and females showed the greatest declines in cardiovascular health over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: We observed important ethnic differences in the temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factor profiles in Ontario. Awareness of the direction and magnitude of these risk factor trends may be useful in informing targeted strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases in multiethnic populations.
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Chiu et al. (2015) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiovascular disease risk factors (n=219,276). Ethnicity and time period was evaluated on Age-standardised ethnic-sex-specific prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Between 2001 and 2012, cardiovascular health declined most among South Asian males and black males and females, including a 2.3-fold increase in diabetes among South Asian males (p=0.0001).
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