Polyhedral vesicles: A Brownian dynamics simulation

Polyhedral vesicles with a large bending modulus of the membrane, such as a gel phase lipid membrane, were studied using a Brownian dynamics simulation. The vesicles exhibited various polyhedral morphologies such as tetrahedron and cube shapes. We clarified two types of line defects on the edges of the polyhedrons: cracks of both monolayers at the spontaneous curvature of the monolayer C0<0, and a crack of the inner monolayer at C0> or =0. The inner monolayer curved positively around the latter defect. Our results suggest that the polyhedral morphology is controlled by C0.