Spin pumping as a generic probe for linear spin fluctuations: demonstration with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders, metallic and insulating electrical states

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We investigated spin injection by spin pumping from a spin-injector(NiFe) into a spin-sink to detect spin fluctuations in the spin-sink. By scanning the ordering-temperature of several magnetic transitions, we found that enhanced spin pumping due to spin fluctuations applies with several ordering states: ferromagnetic (Tb) and antiferromagnetic (NiO, NiFeO x , BiFeO 3 , exchange-biased and unbiased IrMn). Results also represent systematic experimental investigation supporting that the effect is independent of the metallic and insulating nature of the spin-sink, and is observed whether the spin current probe involves electronic or magnonic transport, facilitating advances in material characterization and engineering for spintronic applications.