Key result
3D echo, CT, and CMR accurately assess mitral valve anatomy and function to guide intervention.
Why the study?
Accurate characterization of normal mitral valve anatomy and function is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of mitral valve disease and to guide treatment strategies.
Advanced noninvasive imaging techniques, including 3D echocardiography, CT, and CMR, are essential for the accurate morphological and functional assessment of the mitral valve to guide surgical and transcatheter interventions.
Refines noninvasive mitral valve assessment; leaves open prospective outcome trials before clinical adoption.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mitral valve disease is highly prevalent. Accurate characterization of normal anatomy and function of the mitral valve is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of mitral valve disease. This review summarizes recent advances in noninvasive cardiac imaging to assess normal mitral valve anatomy and function and provides an overview of the clinical applications of these novel imaging techniques in the evaluation of patients with mitral valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Echocardiography remains the first imaging technique for evaluation of the anatomy and function of the mitral valve. However, advances in minimally invasive and transcatheter valve repair/replacement procedures demand high spatial resolution images to accurately assess the anatomy of the mitral valve and its surrounding structures. Three-dimensional echocardiography improves two-dimensional echocardiography morphological and functional mitral valve evaluation. Furthermore, computed tomography provides high spatial resolution three-dimensional data and may constitute the modality of choice for additional morphological or geometrical study of the mitral valve and surrounding structures. In addition, cardiac magnetic resonance permits accurate assessment of anatomy and function of the mitral valve and is considered the method of reference to quantify mitral flow. SUMMARY: Any abnormality in any of the components of the mitral valve (annulus, leaflets, subvalvular apparatus, left ventricle and left atrium) may lead to mitral valve dysfunction. Current noninvasive cardiac imaging modalities permit accurate assessment of mitral valve anatomy and function. These imaging techniques refine our diagnostic performance, provide additional (patho)physiological insights and help to design new strategies for interventional or surgical treatment of the diseased mitral valve.
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Debonnaire et al. (2012) conducted a review in Mitral valve disease. Noninvasive cardiac imaging was evaluated. Current noninvasive cardiac imaging modalities, including 3D echocardiography, CT, and CMR, permit accurate assessment of mitral valve anatomy and function to guide treatment strategies.
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