Bridging the Lab‐to‐Fab Gap: Graphene‐CNT‐Carbon Black Hybrid Paste for Industrially Viable, High‐Yield and Robust Printed RFID Antennas

Graphene shows its potential for printed radio‐frequency identification (RFID) antennas, yet low conductivity, weak printing durability and severe batch variation block its industrial mass production. This work develops a point‐line‐plane ternary conductive paste combining graphene nanosheets, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and conductive carbon black (CB) to solve these drawbacks. CB nanoparticles fill gaps between graphene sheets to reduce re‐agglomeration and uniformize contact, and CNTs build continuous conductive networks linking graphene domains to avoid printing/compression microcracks. With 15 wt% total non‐graphene carbon and an optimal 7:3 CB‐to‐CNT mass ratio, mildly compressed films reach 3.8 ± 1.5 Ω/sq sheet resistance and (4.4 ± 0.6) × 10 4 S/m conductivity; uncompressed films still hit (1.9 ± 0.7) × 10 4 S/m for wider substrate adaptability. The ternary paste cuts sheet resistance standard deviation by ∼80% versus pure graphene and maintains stable performance through 100 screen‐printing cycles. Its RFID antennas reach 4.1 m read distance at 30 dBm EIRP (8.2 m at 36 dBm EIRP). A moderate Q‐factor broadens bandwidth, limiting read‐range variation below 20% across dielectrics (ε r = 1–7) and weak polar solvents, outperforming etched aluminum antennas. This strategy prioritizes comprehensive commercial feasibility beyond pure conductivity, providing an industrializable route for graphene RFID.