Non-destructive neutron radiography and tomography were applied to investigate the internal structure of a ceramic vessel lid originating from the medieval settlement of Otrar (Turkestan region, Kazakhstan). Tomographic reconstruction confirmed the presence of a freely movable spherical element located inside the lid. Quantitative analysis of the reconstructed three-dimensional volume allowed determination of the sphere’s geometrical parameters, with a calculated volume of 1.12(3) mm3 and a diameter of 1.29(1) mm. Neutron attenuation profiles show identical characteristics for the lid and the internal sphere, implying the same ceramic material.
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Zhomartova et al. (2026) studied this question.
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