Voronoi-derived hybrid lattices: An approach to combine biomimicry and controllability for multifunctional bone scaffolds

In the design of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, the core advantage of Voronoi polygons lies in biomimicry, while the core advantage of regular lattices lies in controllability. To combine the advantages of both methods, this study establishes a deterministic hybrid strategy by reconstructing classical lattices (cubic, octahedral, and tesseract) into Voronoi-derived scaffolds (CV, OV, TV). Subsequently, the porous iron scaffold was fabricated using laser powder bed fusion, a typical additive manufacturing technology. The results demonstrated that Voronoi reconstruction transforms the failure mode from localized buckling to progressive collapse, increasing the yield strength by approximately 60% while ensuring predictable energy absorption and structural integrity. Crucially, the OV architecture generates a physiological wall shear stress (10-30 dyn/cm 2 ), enhancing mass transfer without compromising stable cell adhesion. From a biological perspective, the biomimetic porosity facilitates robust cell infiltration and proliferation. This lattice-seeded Voronoi approach successfully integrates mechanical reliability with biological functionality, offering a feasible design strategy for tissue engineering scaffold.