What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess the nanomechanical properties, single-cell adhesion forces of Candida albicans, and disinfectant susceptibility across 3D-printed, milled, and conventional occlusal splint resins.

September 25, 2026AntibioticsOpen Access

Single-Cell Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and Disinfectant Susceptibility of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM-Manufactured Occlusal Splint Resins

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Authors

LFLaura Beatriz Ribeiro FalconiUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)LMLarianne de Sousa MoisésUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)SCSabrina Romão Gonçalves CoelhoUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

In vitro study shows distinct Candida albicans biofilm accumulation and disinfectant susceptibility across CAD/CAM splint resins, highlighting milled materials resist fungal colonization.

Key Points

To assess the nanomechanical properties, single-cell adhesion forces of Candida albicans, and disinfectant susceptibility across 3D-printed, milled, and conventional occlusal splint resins.
Fabricated circular specimens (n = 60 per resin) from 3D-printed (3D Bio-Splint), milled (EvoBlock Monocor), and conventional heat-polymerized (Vipicril) resins, then aged them with saliva incubation and brushing simulation.
Grew mature C. albicans biofilms and exposed them for 10 minutes to 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, sodium perborate, 0.1% PHMB, or PBS control.
Quantified microbial load (CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay), surface morphology, nanoscale roughness, elasticity (Young's modulus), and real-time fungal cell adhesion using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Resin type, disinfection protocol, and their interaction significantly altered biofilm outcomes (p < 0.001), with control CFU counts highest on 3D-printed resin (63.4 × 10^6 CFU/mL) and lowest on milled resin (3.9 × 10^5 CFU/mL).
Chlorhexidine eliminated all cultivable CFU across all resins, although residual metabolic activity persisted between 10.4% and 40.4%, whereas PHMB on printed resin left 93.4% cell viability despite reducing CFU to 4.9% of control.
AFM nanoindentation revealed median Young's modulus values of 9.92 GPa for milled, 6.44 GPa for 3D-printed, and 4.92 GPa for conventional resins, with milled surfaces exhibiting lower single-cell adhesion forces.

Cite This Study

Falconi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab60f5c406bf401c1467c5b https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15100941

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September 25, 2026AntibioticsOpen Access

Single-Cell Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and Disinfectant Susceptibility of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM-Manufactured Occlusal Splint Resins

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

In vitro study shows distinct Candida albicans biofilm accumulation and disinfectant susceptibility across CAD/CAM splint resins, highlighting milled materials resist fungal colonization.

Key Points

To assess the nanomechanical properties, single-cell adhesion forces of Candida albicans, and disinfectant susceptibility across 3D-printed, milled, and conventional occlusal splint resins.
Fabricated circular specimens (n = 60 per resin) from 3D-printed (3D Bio-Splint), milled (EvoBlock Monocor), and conventional heat-polymerized (Vipicril) resins, then aged them with saliva incubation and brushing simulation.
Grew mature C. albicans biofilms and exposed them for 10 minutes to 0.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine, sodium perborate, 0.1% PHMB, or PBS control.
Quantified microbial load (CFU/mL), metabolic activity (XTT assay), surface morphology, nanoscale roughness, elasticity (Young's modulus), and real-time fungal cell adhesion using atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Resin type, disinfection protocol, and their interaction significantly altered biofilm outcomes (p < 0.001), with control CFU counts highest on 3D-printed resin (63.4 × 10^6 CFU/mL) and lowest on milled resin (3.9 × 10^5 CFU/mL).
Chlorhexidine eliminated all cultivable CFU across all resins, although residual metabolic activity persisted between 10.4% and 40.4%, whereas PHMB on printed resin left 93.4% cell viability despite reducing CFU to 4.9% of control.
AFM nanoindentation revealed median Young's modulus values of 9.92 GPa for milled, 6.44 GPa for 3D-printed, and 4.92 GPa for conventional resins, with milled surfaces exhibiting lower single-cell adhesion forces.

Cite This Study

Falconi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab60f5c406bf401c1467c5b https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15100941

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