A Bidirectional Criticality TAC Model of Conscious Emergence: A Phase-Transition Framework under Temporal Integration and Resource Constraints English Version

Existing theories of consciousness remain largely static, and most critical-state work uses a single control parameter whose threshold is fitted to data; neither explains how conscious states switch, withdraw, and rebuild over time. Under three constraints—finite resources, non-equilibrium maintenance, and discrete input—this paper builds a minimal dynamical model with temporal span and reconstruction activity as control parameters and closed-loop completeness as its order parameter. It argues that the emergence and regression of consciousness are bidirectional critical transitions within a two-dimensional feasible region rather than single-parameter motion along one critical line: completeness holds a high plateau inside the region and falls cliff-like once an upper or lower boundary is crossed, while jumps, hysteresis, and critical slowing all stem from a single bistable structure, with all four boundaries derived from resource constraints rather than fitted empirically. The model further yields a scaling law by which the upper temporal-window bound grows with the square root of the power quota, and from it derives testable predictions—age-related cliff-like decline, asymmetric anaesthetic emergence lag, working-memory scaling, and supercritical EEG spectral changes—together with five falsifiable hypotheses. It presupposes no specific neural substrate.