On the Nature of the Gravitational Constant G

It is shown that the approach of bodies, the deflection of light, the perihelion precession and the gravitational redshift are expressed through the rate of expansion of matter \(τ\), the radius \(R_1\), the density ratio \(ρbody/ρref\) and the speed of light \(c\) without using \(G\). Numerical checks are given for the bodies of the Solar System (deviations less than \(0{,}43%\)), the deflection of light at the Sun (\(1{,}75''\)) and the perihelion precession of Mercury (\(42{,}88''\) per century).