Making steel involves either refining of molten iron made from ore or, refining of recycled scrap steel. Both processes are energy intensive and rely on combustion of fossil fuels. Scrap steel is refined in electric furnaces and has relatively much lower need for fossil fuels. Incomplete and/or inefficient combustion of fossil fuels generates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This article provides a broad overview of the potential PAH sources from steelmaking and an approach to their source identification. The article is limited only to the initial step of steelmaking and does not cover the treatment and shaping of steel.
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Satish Almaula (2005) studied this question.
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