Key result
Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with significantly decreased forced vital capacity compared to controls (3.3 vs 3.6, p=0.012), alongside reductions in FEV1, PEF, and inspiratory pressure.
Why the study?
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus reduce pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength compared to controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=229)
Yes
Does type 2 diabetes mellitus reduce pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength compared to controls?
Absolute Event Rate: 3.3% vs 3.6%
p-value: p=0.012
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with reduced pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength, with more pronounced declines observed in females.
T2DM-linked reductions in lung function and inspiratory strength are hypothesis-generating; prospective studies needed before any clinical screening implications.
OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is one of the main devastating causes of mortality and morbidity due to its detrimental complications. We aimed to evaluate the pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength in relationship with glycemic control and gender in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed at King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from June 2107 to June 2019. We evaluated pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength, body composition and glycemic control in T2DM (n=110) and control group (n=119). Gender differences were also evaluated in T2DM. RESULTS: Subjects with T2DM have significantly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.6±0.7 vs 3.3±0.9, p = 0.012), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (3.3±2.2 vs 2.7±0.6, p = 0.019), peak expiratory flow (PEF) (127.4±210.9 vs. 49.2±133.6, p = 0.003), FEF25-75 (3.6±1.3 vs. 3.1±1.1, p-value = 0.025), and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (99.3±26.9 vs. 87.4±19.3, p=0.001). However, no significant difference between control and diabetes was found in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (132.5±34.9 vs 126.2±30.0, p = 0.202). Significant reduction in FVC (male=3.7±0.8 vs female = 3.0±0.7 p = 0.000), FEV1 (3.3±1.9 vs 2.6±0.5 p = 0.000), FEF25-75 (3.6 ± 1.3 vs 2.9 ± 1.0 with p-value = 0.000), MIP (96.9±23.1 vs 87.5±27.1 with p = 0.017), and MEP (134.0±32.2 vs. 120.1±33.5 with p = .011) were observed in females compared to males in T2DM subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Decline in the pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength are associated with poor glycemic control in T2DM. Moreover, there are significant differences between male and female in lung parameters and inspiratory as well as expiratory muscles strength. The exact pathophysiological mechanism to explain this association requires further investigations.
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Al-khlaiwi et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (n=229). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus vs. Control group was evaluated on Forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.012). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with significantly decreased forced vital capacity compared to controls (3.3 vs 3.6, p=0.012), alongside reductions in FEV1, PEF, and inspiratory pressure.
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