Control Rates and Health-Seeking Behaviour Among People With Diabetes and Hypertension, Tamil Nadu, India- a Community Baseline Survey

IntroductionNon-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly hypertension and diabetes, pose significant health challenges in India, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Tamil Nadu, these diseases have led to high mortality rates, with alarmingly low control rates despite existing healthcare initiatives. This study aim to evaluate community control rates of hypertension and diabetes in the Villupuram and Cuddalore districts, focusing on medication adherence and metabolic control.Subjects and MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in November 2023 involving 1,572 participants aged 18-69 years who had been receiving treatment for hypertension and diabetes for over six months. Using the MTM line list, we employed a cluster sampling design, selecting one block from each district. Blood pressure and HbA1c levels were measured to determine control rates, and a structured questionnaire collected sociodemographic data and medication adherence information. Data analysis was performed using Stata version 16, focusing on descriptive statistics.ResultsOut of 1,572 participants, 757 had hypertension and 738 had diabetes, yielding an overall response rate of 95%. Medication adherence was reported at 75.6% for individuals with hypertension and 76.2% for those with diabetes. Control rates were notably low, with only 49.1% of hypertensive participants achieving optimal blood pressure control and 25.7% of diabetics maintaining ideal glycaemic levels. Additionally, over 70% of participants were classified as overweight or obese.ConclusionDespite reasonable medication adherence, the control rates for hypertension and diabetes in Tamil Nadu are inadequate. The high prevalence of obesity highlights the need for community-based interventions, such as patient support groups and lifestyle modification programs, to enhance treatment adherence and improve health outcomes. A follow-up survey is planned to evaluate the effectiveness of these initiatives.