Clinical Significance of Bronchodilator Responsiveness Evaluated by Forced Vital Capacity in COPD: SPIROMICS Cohort Analysis

Objective: Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) is prevalent in COPD, but its clinical implications remain unclear. We explored the significance of BDR, defined by post-bronchodilator change in FEV 1 (BDR FEV1 ) as a measure reflecting the change in flow and in FVC (BDR FVC ) reflecting the change in volume. Methods: We analyzed 2974 participants from a multicenter observational study designed to identify varying COPD phenotypes (SPIROMICS). We evaluated the association of BDR with baseline clinical characteristics, rate of prospective exacerbations and mortality using negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A majority of COPD participants exhibited BDR (52.7%). BDR FEV1 occurred more often in earlier stages of COPD, while BDR FVC occurred more frequently in more advanced disease. When defined by increases in either FEV 1 or FVC, BDR was associated with a self-reported history of asthma, but not with blood eosinophil counts. BDR FVC was more prevalent in subjects with greater emphysema and small airway disease on CT. In a univariate analysis, BDR FVC was associated with increased exacerbations and mortality, although no significance was found in a model adjusted for post-bronchodilator FEV 1 . Conclusion: With advanced airflow obstruction in COPD, BDR FVC is more prevalent in comparison to BDR FEV1 and correlates with the extent of emphysema and degree of small airway disease. Since these associations appear to be related to the impairment of FEV 1 , BDR FVC itself does not define a distinct phenotype nor can it be more predictive of outcomes, but it can offer additional insights into the pathophysiologic mechanism in advanced COPD. Clinical trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01969344T4.