Obtaining ion-exchange materials based on industrial waste polystyrene

This work is devoted to the study of the process of mechanochemical modification of production waste polystyrene with high molecular weight butyl rubber and the preparation of ion exchange materials based on this composition.As a matrix for obtaining the composition, we used waste from the industrial production of packaging materials for food products, or rather, disposable cups.First, the samples were carefully selected, cleaned, ground, and only after that, polymer compositions were obtained based on them, modified with butyl rubber.Waste polystyrene and butyl rubber taken in the calculated amount underwent mechanochemical modification on a laboratory capillary viscometer -extruder, in a wide range of shear stress.Depending on the nature of the modifier, optimal processing conditions were selected, i.e. temperature and time.Modification of polystyrene waste with butyl rubber was carried out at a temperature of 190-195°C for 3-5 min.The effects of various factors of the extrusion process and the amount of butyl rubber on the properties of the modified polystyrene were investigated.During extrusion, the polymer was in a molten viscous liquid state.With shear deformation, temperaturetime superposition can be applied to it.Therefore, in our studies, the change in temperature and mixing ratio was considered as the main factor of extrusion.The influence of the quantity and molecular weight of butyl rubber on the properties of polystyrene was investigated, and it was determined that the best indicators of physical and mechanical characteristics of modified polystyrene are observed when the mixture contains up to 1.0 mass. of the butyl rubber.Further, on the basis of the modified polystyrene:butyl rubber system, sulfocations were obtained by the sulfonation method with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3.The spectra of both the initial components and the modified mixture and sulfocationites were recorded.New absorption bands (sulfones, sulfoxides, etc.) are found in the IR spectrum of sulfocationite, confirming the formation of a new substance, i.e. ion exchange resin.It is shown that the synthesized ion exchange materials have satisfactory performance and can be used for water desalination