Sorafenib is used as the primary treatment for advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, while Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is uncommon, it can be a severe and potentially life-threatening complication in HCC patients, especially those with a high tumor burden. This article details a case involving an HCC patient who was administered Sorafenib as initial first line therapy. After 7 days of treatment, TLS was diagnosed based on hallmark findings of hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia and acute kidney injury. Despite discontinuation of Sorafenib and supportive care measures, the patient’s condition rapidly deteriorated. This case highlights a rare but severe complication that can arise shortly after initiating Sorafenib therapy for HCC. Recognizing TLS is essential for the early detection and management of TLS in such patients.
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llikhan et al. (2025) studied this question.