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In order to validate the BOF process model, the heats in 170‐ and 330‐ton converters were simulated. The different types of heats in a 170‐ton converter were considered. The model validation includes the comparison of the actual and simulated end blow parameters. The behaviors of the metal and slag phase components, temperature and charge material melting, and dissolution were shown and analyzed. The end blow chemical composition of steel and the temperature were simulated quite accurately. Small deviations between actual and simulated results were found for the end blow chemical composition of slag. Using the simulation results, the oxidation–reduction behavior of phosphorus and manganese during the converter steelmaking process was explained.
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Lytvynyuk et al. (2013) studied this question.
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