This subgenus of Anopheles, which contains a small but interesting group of mosquitoes which breed in the water in bromeliads, and more rarely in bamboo, has been, taxonomically speaking, in rather a chaotic condition in the past. This has been due in part to inaccurate observation of specific characters, in part to the variability of color-markings in the species, and partly to lack of adequate material for study.
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W. H. W. Komp (1937) studied this question.
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