Effective starting process for Newton-Raphson load flows

The results of a noniterative simplified load flow are used as starting values for the Newton-Raphson algorithm. This scheme improves the reliability of the Newton-Raphson method, to the extent that convergence for any physically feasible problem is envisaged, and gives high-accuracy solutions in two or three iterations. The starting process has a number of other valuable uses and may be employed on its own to give fast approximate a.c. load flows.