Risk mitigation in oil and gas supply chain: a systematic literature review

The oil and gas (O&G) industry faces significant risks across its supply chain. These include geopolitical, operational, and environmental challenges. Mitigating these risks is important to ensure safety, efficiency, and resilience in the global energy systems. This study conducts a systematic literature review of over 150 peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2025 to examine how supply chain risks in the O&G industry are identified, assessed, and mitigated. Following a transparent screening and selection process, a thematic analysis is applied to synthesize evidence on risk drivers, enabling capabilities, and mitigation strategies. The review addresses four research questions concerning dominant risk categories, mitigation practices, emerging technologies and methodologies, and firm-level responses to supply chain disruptions. The study’s main contribution is the development of an integrated risk mitigation framework that explains how enabling capabilities mediate between risk drivers and mitigation outcomes, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for risk management in the oil and gas supply chain (O&GSC). The review proposes further empirical studies. It offers a foundation for developing more robust, context-specific mitigation frameworks.