Key result
Men face ~25% higher risk of clinical outcomes than women following antihypertensive treatment.
Why the study?
Sex differences in the therapy of hypertension and associated clinical outcomes have not been completely examined.
Do clinical outcomes differ between men and women following antihypertensive treatment?
Meta-Analysis
Do clinical outcomes differ between men and women following antihypertensive treatment?
Odds Ratio: 1.25 (95% CI 1.17–1.33)
p-value: p=< 0.001
This meta-analysis suggests that men experience more frequent clinical outcomes than women following the same antihypertensive treatment, highlighting potential sex-based disparities in baseline risk or compliance.
Men may need intensified monitoring after antihypertensive initiation; extends meta-analytic evidence of sex differences in hypertension outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported sex and gender differences in the prevalence and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, sex differences in the therapy of hypertension have not been completely examined. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the gender-specific dissimilarity in outcomes among patients following antihypertensive treatment, using a meta-analysis of available studies. METHODS: A systematic literature search in Medline and SCOPUS databases was performed from January 1990 to January 2015 to find studies assessing clinical outcomes in male and female subjects after hypertension treatment, separately. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as summary statistics. RESULTS: the analysis included 10 studies with 16 treatment arms. Outcomes were found to be significantly more frequent in men then in women (odds ratio [OR]: 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17, 1.33, p < 0.001; I2:40.17%), and this result was robust and independent. Random-effects meta-regression showed no association of outcomes with treatment duration and baseline levels. CONCLUSION: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that clinical outcomes are more frequent in men compared with women after the same treatment of hypertension. Numerous reasons, including disparities in compliance, age, and intrinsic higher risk in male, contribute to justify these findings.
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Giorgini et al. (2016) conducted a meta-analysis in Hypertension. Male sex vs. Female sex was evaluated on Clinical outcomes (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.17-1.33, p=< 0.001). Men experienced significantly more frequent clinical outcomes than women following antihypertensive treatment (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.17-1.33; p < 0.001).
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