Association of Depression with Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examined the association between depression and myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, resulting in the inclusion of six small case-control and cohort studies reported from Spain, Australia, China, and Pakistan. The studies included various study designs, such as cohort studies, case-control studies, and prospective cohort studies. The results of the systematic review indicate a significant association between depression and MINOCA. Several studies reported a higher prevalence of depression among MINOCA patients compared to those with obstructive coronary artery disease. Additionally, depression was found to be associated with worse outcomes in MINOCA patients, including increased cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and reduced quality of life. Some studies suggest that psychological factors, such as chronic stress, inflammation, and altered sympathetic nervous system activity, may play a role in the development and progression of MINOCA in individuals with depression. The findings highlight the importance of considering depression as a potential risk factor and prognostic marker in MINOCA patients. Early identification and management of depression in these individuals may improve outcomes and quality of life. A multi-center randomized controlled trial is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop targeted interventions for individuals with depression and MINOCA.