The study addresses a significant empirical research gap by adopting the Whole-School Approach of socio-ecological model in explaining bullying within school environments. Despite the growing body of research regarding bullying and continuous efforts on bullying prevention measures at state-level policy making, the existing literature mostly highlights the nature of bullying among well-resourced or general urban contexts or exploration of forms of bullying in general, completely overlooking the urban underserved adolescents. Limited research has been conducted to assess the prevalence and perception of violence and bullying among adolescents, especially within urban underserved communities in Bangladesh despite multiple contemporary bullying prevention policy initiatives taken by government (Ahmed, 2023). The study is also relevant to the educational context of Old Dhaka, where concerns have been raised regarding educational disadvantage, adolescent violence, and non-functional implementation of policy interventions.
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Ayesha Siddika (2026) studied this question.
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