Vectorial Complex‐Amplitude Holography and Dual‐Gray Nano‐Printing via Synthesis Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces have revolutionized photonics by empowering subwavelength‐scale light manipulation. Nevertheless, current approaches still suffer from inherent limitations in realizing concurrent control over polarization, amplitude, and phase toward high‐performance nanoprinting and high‐security optical encryption. Herein, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a metasurface strategy that enables dual‐independent vectorial nanoprinting and holographic display via interferometric light‐field engineering. The proposed design achieves continuously modulated grayscale patterning in the near field based on integrated Malus' law, while simultaneously reconstructing distinct holographic images in orthogonal polarization channels within the far field. Furthermore, we implement a polarization‐encoded complex‐amplitude field scheme for vectorial grayscale modulation and holographic encryption, relying on the synthesis of orthogonal field engineering in intermediate polarization states. These versatile multifunctional capabilities are enabled by an all‐dielectric metasurface with simultaneous and independent control over three output channels, combined with a collaborative optimization algorithm. Our work fundamentally advances metasurface‐assisted optical encryption by establishing a physical‐layer security paradigm through electromagnetic domain decoupling, with promising applications in anti‐counterfeiting and advanced lithography.