The optimal design of an environmentally friendly EM-PCM system was done through the Taguchi L₉ (3³) orthogonal array. The study focused on three main variables, namely magnetic field strength (2–10 kA/m), percentage by weight of the filler (2–8 wt%), and frequency range (50–200 kHz). ANOVA proved that there is a highly significant regression model (F=69.18, p<0.001) explaining 97.65% of the total variation (R²=97.65%, R²adj=96.24%, R²pred=93.12%). Field intensity was the most significant factor, contributing 39.11% to the output variable, followed by filler percentage (29.52%) and frequency (29.02%), with the lowest residual error of 2.35%. An ideal combination of the three parameters (10 kA/m, 5%, and 50 kHz) gave the highest value of ΔH as 182 J/g. There were no significant interactions found between different variables. The new type of EM-PCM can be used for battery cooling purposes due to its quick and remotely controlled phase change property.
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Haddadi et al. (2026) studied this question.
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