بناء القصيدة وخصائص الشعر في زهديات أبي نواس: دراسة تحليلية أدبية

This study aims to analyze the structure and artistic characteristics of three zuhdiyyat (ascetic) poems by the Abbasid poet Abu Nuwas, examining their vocabulary and thematic content, their prosodic structure (meter and rhyme), and their literary features, namely ideas and meanings, language and style, imagination, and emotion. The study employs a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, drawing its data from three zuhdiyyat excerpts taken from Abu Nuwas's Diwan as edited by Ali Faour (1994), supported by relevant literary and rhetorical references. The findings show that the themes of these poems center on asceticism and repentance, expressed through the confession of grave sins, belief in God's comprehensive witnessing of every deed, the severity of the Day of Judgment's reckoning, and hope in God's vast forgiveness and mercy. The rhyme (qafiyah) of the first and second pieces is of the mutawatir type, while the third is mutadarik; their meters (buhur) are kamil, wafir, and kamil respectively. The poet employs various rhetorical devices — most notably antithesis (tibaq), restriction (qasr), elaboration (itnab), and concision (ijaz) — to reinforce and clarify meaning. His poetic imagination centers on scenes of death and the hereafter, reflecting an inner conflict between a life of indulgence and the will to repent, while his emotions are marked by sorrow and regret, submission to God, and hope for divine forgiveness. The study concludes that these zuhdiyyat represent a voice distinct from Abu Nuwas's licentious wine poetry, revealing sincere remorse and profound faith toward the end of his life.