Association Of Serum Periostin And Eosinophilia In Relation To Asthma Severity In Hillah City

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Background: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition marked by airway inflammation and fluctuating airflow obstruction. Biomarkers such as serum periostin and blood eosinophil count have been proposed to reflect type 2 airway inflammation and may correlate with disease severity. Objective: The current research attempted to evaluate the correlation between serum periostin concentrations and blood eosinophil counts with asthma severity among patients in Hillah City. Methods: Patients with asthma participated in a cross-sectional study categorized into mild, moderate, and severe classifications with respect to predicted FEV₁ percentages. Serum periostin levels (ng/mL) and absolute blood eosinophil counts (10³/μL) were measured. ANOVA and chi-square tests were applied to assess statistical associations between biomarker levels and asthma severity. Results: A significant increase in serum periostin levels was observed with increasing asthma severity (mean ± SD: mild 48.72 ± 6.51; moderate 54.36 ± 7.84; severe 60.91 ± 9.17 ng/mL; p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of eosinophilia (>300 cells/μL) was significantly higher in severe asthmatics (p = 0.002). There is a moderately significant association observed between periostin levels and eosinophil counts (r = 0.42, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum periostin and eosinophil count are significantly associated with asthma severity, supporting their potential role as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and guiding targeted therapies in Hillah City.