Escherichia coli -related mass mortality event in rainbow and coconut lorikeets ( Trichoglossus spp.) at a zoological park in the Netherlands

-associated mass mortality events in captive psittacines and the first to propose simultaneous circulation of distinct AEEC variants during a single outbreak. The findings highlight the pathogenic potential of AEEC in lorikeets and the need for strict feed hygiene, vector control, and molecular surveillance in zoo biosecurity and One Health contexts.