Electrochemical-Responsive Conductive Nanofibers: A Smart Platform for DNA Storage and Controlled Release

With the exponential growth of global data volume, the physical limitations and high maintenance costs of traditional storage architectures have become increasingly prominent. DNA storage holds value in addressing these issues. However, traditional solid-phase storage media rely on chemical eluents for DNA desorption, which can easily cause the cleavage and fragmentation of nucleic acid chains, thereby interfering with the subsequent sequencing process. This study proposes an electrochemical-controlled DNA adsorption/release strategy based on a conductive composite film made of polylactic acid/polyaniline (PLA/PANI). By adopting the instant alkaline modification and in-situ wet oxidative polymerization process, the problems of interface peeling and collapse of the porous structure were avoided without compromised integrity of the PLA porous framework. Zeta potential analysis indicated that the surface charge of the film could be reversibly converted between +13.01 ± 0.10 mV and −32.53 ± 0.25 mV. Under coordinated optimization of the electrochemical stimulation and pH parameters, the composite film achieved efficient and controllable adsorption and release of DNA. This research provides a new material design concept and technical support for the construction of a green and efficient solid-phase DNA electrochemical-controlled reversible access system.