Coaxial Counter-Current Jet-Film Flows of Nanofluids and Metal Melts

This study presents a theoretical framework for coaxial nanofluid jets and film flows, as well as analogous flows of liquid metal melts. These systems are of considerable interest in heat transfer and other scientific and industrial applications. The modeling begins with the phenomenon of film formation resulting from hydraulic shock in coaxial counter current jets. When two opposing jets collide, the abrupt deceleration of fluid velocity to nearly zero produces a thin, radially spreading film. This process is analogous to jet impingement on a solid plate, but conventional Navier–Stokes equations cannot adequately describe it, since they do not account for the sudden jet deceleration followed by film redistribution. Several nanofluids are considered, and the parameters of the resulting film flows are computed. These results provide valuable insights into film cooling and other applications involving liquid metals and nanofluid film flows.