Assessing digital–sustainability synergy in twin transformation: a weighted maturity model and case applications

The emergence of Twin Transformation (TT), which integrates digital and sustainability initiatives, is increasingly recognised as a strategic imperative for organisations. While TT offers opportunities for innovation and sustainable value creation, implementation poses organisational challenges and uncertainties. Existing studies provide conceptual frameworks and models, but systematic approaches for assessing maturity and readiness remain limited, restricting organisations’ ability to evaluate capabilities, prioritise decisions, and manage implementation risks. This study develops a theoretically grounded TT maturity framework based on organisational design theory. It identifies and structures maturity dimensions and applies the Best-Worst Method to establish weightings. The resulting literature-grounded assessment instrument enables organisations to evaluate maturity across six dimensions and fourteen sub-dimensions, identify capability gaps, and prioritise improvement areas. Two pilot case studies in manufacturing and services show that both organisations demonstrate strategic awareness of TT, while operational capabilities remain at early maturity levels, revealing a gap between strategic intent and practical implementation.